
From Net Carb Math to Direct Measurement: Why HPAEC-PAD Should Anchor Keto Carbohydrate Claims
Abstract The central problem in quantifying carbohydrates for ketogenic product claims is the continued dependence on legacy calculation approaches that conceal both analytical uncertainty and person-to-person variability in metabolic response. This review reevaluates the difference method used for net carbohydrate labeling and shows how its stepwise subtraction of macronutrients and non-digestible fractions introduces cumulative measurement error, erases structural detail about specific...









